Invertebrates Have Mental Muscle

Ninety seven percent of all life on earth are invertebrates, a category that includes life forms from sponges to insects, to octopi.   Some mollusks (soft bodied invertebrates)  are amazingly intelligent. Recently, one species of octopi was seen digging up and using discarded halved coconut shells and using them as a shelter.   Well I guess you need to do something with all those arms.

Seriously, we have until recently thought of  invertebrates as completely instinctual lacking the ability to think or have emotions.   As we look more closely into their world we are beginning to understand that there is much more to a squishy body than we previously thought.

Read the article about football playing bees.